Abstract In resource-poor countries, like Bangladesh, which is located in tuberculosis-endemic zone, most of the cases of lymphadenopathy specially of cervical region are traditionally considered as tuberculous aetiology, unless proved otherwise, as tubercle bacilli are the most common offending agent of lymphadenopathy. Clinical features, especially constitutional symptoms, local signs, like matting or discharging sinus, pulmonary involvement, background of immune-suppression, strong positive tuberculin skin test, all help clinch the correct diagnosis in almost all cases of tuberculous lymphadenopathy. However, it should be kept in mind that there are many other aetiologies of lymphadenopathy (although rarer than TB), especially in cases of non-responders and where inconclusive cytological picture in absence of strong supportive clinical evidences of TB.

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